Course Review
- Introduction
- Process
- Multiprogramming
- multithread
- Synchronization
- Deadlock
- Eavluation
- Secondary Storage
- Disks
- file organization
- Main Memory
- Absolute Address
- Relative Address
- paging
- Virtual Memory
- segmentation
- segmentation and paging combinations
- Invert table
Making an imaginary computer step by step
Finding more about how hardware and software works
- It needs to go back to principles
- It provides clear path for what we already have
- Understanding that why computers works this way nowadays
Mechanical Calculator
Pascaline
- A Pascaline signed by Pascal in 1652
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascaline
Jacquard Machines
- Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1804
- based on
- the Frenchmen Basile Bouchon (1725)
- Jean Baptiste Falcon (1728)
- Jacques Vaucanson (1740).[8]
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacquard_machine
Analog vs Digital
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitance
- https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-analog-computer-and-digital-computer/
$$\begin{align}i(t) = C \frac{dv(t)}{dt}\end{align}$$
Digital Computer
- Vacuum-tube computer
- Atanasoff–Berry computer
- neither programmable, nor Turing-complete
- Colossus computer
- British code breakers
- programmable
- electronic
- digital computer
- programmed by switches and plugs
- not by a stored program
Stored Program
- Manchester Mark I
- The 1946 ENIAC computer used more than 17,000 vacuum tubes
- bootstrap_computer_history
- oldest-original-working-digital-computer
Analog Chipsets for AI Applications
- Developers Turn To Analog For Neural Nets
- Texas Instuments
- IIC
- Analog Neural Circuit and Hardware Design of Deep Learning Model
- The Promise of Analog Deep Learning: Recent Advances, Challenges and Opportunities
- Harnessing Analog Hardware for Machine Learning
- Developers Turn To Analog For Neural Nets
General Types of Computers
- Analog Computer
- pros
- cons
- Digital Computer
- pros
- cons
- Quantum Computer
- pros
- cons
- Biocomputing
- pros
- cons
Imaginary Computer (YIC-10)
Different memory for code and data
Real Motherboard
Motherboard Circut
The Second Computer (YIC-10)
Uniform memory (John von Neumann)
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Assembly Code and Machine Code
ADD A,B A = A + B ; 0101011 00010101 0101010 OPcode DATA_1 DATA_2 ADD A B
R1 = R2 + R3 ADD R1, R2, R3 ; 010101001 0001 0010 0011 OP Code R1 R2 R3 010101001000100100011
Main Type of Processors
- RISC (Reduced instruction set computer)
- CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer)
Hardware vs Software
- pros
- Less code
- More speed
- Less errors of writing code
- cons
- Cost
- Less Flexible
The common segment displays
Dot-matrix display
- 128×16 (Two-lined)
- 128×32 (Four-lined)
- 128×64 (Eight-lined)
- 92×31 (Four or three-lined)
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot-matrix_display
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_display_technology
Split-flap display(II)
Flip-Dot-Display
Tape
Xerox Roman PS Daisywheel
Simple computer simulator
- https://github.com/jeaniehandler/OS
- https://github.com/Naheel-Azawy/Simple-Computer-Simulator
- https://web.njit.edu/~carpinel/Applets.html
- http://www.science.smith.edu/dftwiki/index.php/IBooks
- http://www.science.smith.edu/dftwiki/index.php/
Simple Computer Simulator Instruction Set
YIC120 - Adding Keyboard & Disk
- terminal (command prompt)
- batch system
- interactive system
When a controller rapidly turns on LEDs in one row at a time
https://www.nutsvolts.com/magazine/article/create-an-led-sign-controller
GET THE DOTS, FORM A LETTER using ROM
https://www.nutsvolts.com/magazine/article/create-an-led-sign-controller
Showing Character D
https://www.deviceplus.com/arduino/display-characters-with-leds-how-to-use-a-matrix-led/
Showing Character D (real refresh)
https://www.deviceplus.com/arduino/display-characters-with-leds-how-to-use-a-matrix-led/
Card reader instead of Hex pad input
Display
IBM 3270 Display Terminal
IBM 011 Electric Key Punch(1923)
- columbia.edu <http://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/oldpunch.html>-
IBM Type 032 Printing Punch(1935)
- columbia.edu <http://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/oldpunch.html>-
Card Mark sense format
Cartons of Punch cards(1959)
In a United States National Archives Records Service facility in 1959. Each carton could hold 2,000 cards
Punched Card Printing Plate
Example of a Punch Card
Punched card from a Fortran program
Z(1) = Y + W(1), plus sorting information in the last 8 columns
img/in/The_IBM_2501_Card_Reader2501.jpg https://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/2501.html
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